Xellouin sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Bayram bilgiqutisi
| holiday_name  = Halloween
| type          = xristianlik
| image         = Jack-o'-Lantern 2003-10-31.jpg
| caption       = O‘ymakorligi va Hellouin an’anasi bo‘lgan [[jack-o'-lantern]]
| official_name = 
| nickname      = {{plainlist|
* Hallowe'en
* Allhalloween
* All Hallows' Eve
* All Saints' Eve}}
| observedby    = [[G‘arbiy xristianlik|G‘arbiy xristianlar]] va ko‘plab xristian bo‘lmaganlar<ref name=Fasting >{{veb manbasi|title=BBC – Religions – Christianity: All Hallows' Eve|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/holydays/halloween_1.shtml|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)|year=2010|access-date=1 November 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103105817/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/holydays/halloween_1.shtml|archive-date=3 November 2011}}</ref>
| significance  = [[Allhallowtide]]ning birinchi kuni<ref name="Worcester2020">{{veb manbasi |title=Halloween |url=https://www.cofe-worcester.org.uk/halloween |publisher=[[Anglican Diocese of Worcester]]|access-date=2 November 2023 |language=en |date=20 October 2020 }}</ref><ref name="Surrey2014">{{yangiliklar manbasi |last=Hughes |first=Rebekkah |date=29 October 2014 |title=Happy Hallowe'en Surrey! |work=The Stag |publisher=[[University of Surrey]] |page=1 |url=http://www.ussu.co.uk/stagmedia/Documents/Issues/The%20Stag%20-%20Issue%2076%20(Small%20File%20Size).pdf |access-date=31 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119032631/http://www.ussu.co.uk/stagmedia/Documents/Issues/The%20Stag%20-%20Issue%2076%20(Small%20File%20Size).pdf |archive-date=19 November 2015 }}</ref>
| date          = 31-oktyabr
| celebrations  = Trick-or-treating, Hellouin kostyumi bazmlari, [[jack-o'-lantern]] yasash, [[gulxan]] yoqish, [[fol ochish]], olma chayqatish, arvohlar attraksioniga tashrif buyurish
| duration      = 1 kun
| observances   = Cherkov xizmatlari<ref name=Service>{{kitob manbasi|chapter=Service for All Hallows' Eve |title=The Book of Occasional Services 2003 |page=[{{google books|3FZGE2CAdfUC|page=108|plainurl=yes}} 108] | publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|year=2004|isbn=978-0-89869-409-3 }}</ref>, ibodat<ref name=Prayer>{{kitob manbasi|title=The Anglican Family Prayer Book|author=Anne E. Kitch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=idekF-9uIAIC&q=prayer+for+all+hallows+eve+Anglican&pg=PA148|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|year=2004|access-date=31 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125175435/https://books.google.com/books?id=idekF-9uIAIC&pg=PA148&dq=prayer+for+all+hallows+eve+Anglican|archive-date=25 January 2017|isbn=978-0-8192-2565-8}}</ref>, roʻza<ref name=Fasting/>, bedorlik<ref name=Vigil>{{kitob manbasi|title=The Paulist Liturgy Planning Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=34_o1HJOrzoC&pg=PA251|publisher=[[Paulist Press]]|year=2006|access-date=31 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031175805/https://books.google.com/books?id=34_o1HJOrzoC&pg=PA251|archive-date=31 October 2017|isbn=978-0-8091-4414-3}}</ref>
| relatedto     = [[Samhain]], [[Hop-tu-Naa]], [[Calan Gaeaf]], [[Allantide]]
| longtype      = [[xristianlik]], madaniy
| frequency     = yillik
}}

'''Halloween'''<ref>{{veb manbasi|url=https://saugeentimes.com/halloween-is-a-spooktacular-event-for-the-goodfellows/|title=Hallowe'en is a spooktacular event for the Goodfellows|accessdate=25 November 2023|date=30 October 2023|work=Saugeen Times|last=Lindsay|first=Sandy|arxivsana=2023-11-25|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125170846/https://saugeentimes.com/halloween-is-a-spooktacular-event-for-the-goodfellows/}}</ref><ref>{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.wetaskiwintimes.com/news/local-news/local-haunted-houses-to-explore-this-halloween|title=Local haunted houses to explore this Hallowe'en|accessdate=25 November 2023|date=26 October 2023|work=The Wetaskiwin Times|last=Max|first=Christina}}</ref> ({{talaffuz|Hellouin}}) — 31-oktabrda nishonlanadigan bayrami. Halloweenda odamlar turli xil ust-bosh kiyishadi, bolalar eshikma-eshik yurib shirinliklar soʻrashadi ({{lang-en|trick-or-treating}}) va [[qovoq]]lar ichini oʻyib [[Jack o'-lantern]] ({{lang-en|Jack O'Lantern}}) yasashadi. Bolalar koʻpincha [[arvoh]] va [[yalmogʻiz]] kiyimini kiyib olib, uyma-uy yurib „Bizga bir nima ber yoki sehrlab qoʻyamiz!“ ({{lang-en|Trick-or-treat!}}) — deyishadi. Bolalarga odatda shirinlik beriladi.

==Kelib chiqish tarixi==
Halloweenning kelib chiqishi bir qancha qadimiy kuzgi bayramlarga borib taqaladi. Qadimda dindor boʻlmaganlar boshlagan udumlar keyinchalik bu kunni bayram sifatida nishonlash anʼanasiga aylanib ketgan. Bu bayramni ilk marotaba nishonlagan odamlar bir emas bir necha [[Xudo]]ga ishonishgan. Oktyabrning oxirgi kechasi oʻlganlar ruhi yer yuzini aylanib yuradi deb hisoblanilgan. Bayram yana ''All Hallows’ Eve'' deb nomlanadi. [[Xristian dini|Xristian]] cherkovida ''All Hallows’ Eve'' bayrami ''All Saints’ Day'' (Barcha avliyolar kuni)dan avvalgi kechadir. 1-noyabrda boʻladigan ''All Saints’ Day'' kunida barcha muqaddas xristian dini avliyolari eslanadi. Vaqt oʻtishi bilan Halloween diniy boʻlmagan bayramga aylanib ketgan.

== Etimologiyasi ==
Halloween yoki Halloweʼen („Avliyolar kechasi“<ref name="Luck1998">{{ensiklopediya manbasi|last=Luck|first=Steve|title=All Saints' Day|encyclopedia=The American Desk Encyclopedia|page=22|year=1998|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|language=en|isbn=978-0-19-521465-9|url=https://archive.org/details/americandeskency00oxfo/page/22/mode/2up?q=halloween}}</ref>) soʻzi nasroniy kelib chiqishiga ega<ref name=DSL>{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=1266&startset=21732206&query=Hallow_evin&fhit=hallow&dregion=form&dtext=dost#fhit |title=DOST: Hallow Evin |publisher=Dsl.ac.uk |access-date=13 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429162756/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=12718&startset=16840203&query=HALLOW&fhit=hallow&dregion=form&dtext=snd|archive-date=29 April 2014}}</ref><ref>''The A to Z of Anglicanism'' (Colin Buchanan), Scarecrow Press, p. 8</ref>; bu qadimgi ingliz tilida mavjud boʻlgan „All Hallows Eve“ (Barcha avliyolar kuni arafasi) iborasiga teng boʻlgan atamadir. Halloween soʻzi „All Hallows<nowiki>'</nowiki> Eve“ (Barcha avliyolar kunidan oldingi kecha) ning shotlandcha shaklidan kelib chiqqan: „{{lang|sco|even}}“ shotlandcha „eve“ yoki „evening“ soʻzlarining muqobili boʻlib<ref name=Contraction>{{kitob manbasi|title=A History of the Scottish People from the Earliest Times: From the Union of the kingdoms, 1706, to the present time|url=https://archive.org/details/ahistoryscottis00annagoog|publisher=Blackie|first1=Thomas | last1=Thomson | first2=Charles | last2=Annandale|quote=Of the stated rustic festivals peculiar to Scotland the most important was Hallowe'en, a contraction for All-hallow Evening, or the evening of All-Saints Day, the annual return of which was a season for joy and festivity.|year=1896|access-date=31 October 2011}}</ref>, „e<nowiki>'</nowiki>en“ yoki „een“ ga qisqartirilgan<ref>{{Ensiklopediya manbasi |dictionary=Scottish National Dictionary (1700–) |id=snd8629 |volume=III = |title=E'EN, Een |year=1952 |url= https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/snd8629 }}</ref>. Shunday qilib, ''(All) Hallow(s) E(v)en'' soʻzidan ''Hallowe<nowiki>'</nowiki>en'' ga oʻzgargan.

== Simvollar ==
[[File:Halloween Witch 2011.JPG|thumb|Halloween bayramida hovlilar, jamoat joylari va uylar qoʻrqinchli oʻlim bezaklarilar bilan bezatilishi mumkin, jumladan skeletlar, ruhlar, oʻrgimchak inlari va jodugarlkar bilan.]]
Halloween bilan bogʻliq [[artefakt|buyumlar]] va ramzlar vaqt oʻtishi bilan rivojlanib borgan<ref name="rogers57">Rogers, p. 57</ref><ref>''The Encyclopedia of Witches, Witchcraft and Wicca'', Infobase Publishing, p. 183</ref>. Anʼanaga koʻra, Barcha avliyolar kuni arafasida niqobdorlar yovuz ruhlarni qoʻrqitish uchun [[Jack-o'-lantern]] chiroqlarini koʻtarib yuradilar<ref>Danteʼs „Commedia“ and the Poetics of Christian Catabasis (Lee Foust), ProQuest, p. 15</ref>. <nowiki>Jack-o'-lantern</nowiki> haqida mashhur irland xristian xalq ertagi mavjud boʻlib, unda bu chiroq folklorda „ham jannatga, ham doʻzaxga kirishdan mahrum etilgan jon“ni ifodalashi aytiladi<ref>''The Guinness Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits'' (Rosemary Guiley), Guinness World Records Limited, p. 178</ref>.

Irlandiya, Shotlandiya va Shimoliy Angliyada Halloween bayramida anʼanaviy ravishda [[sholgʻom]] oʻyilgan<ref name=lant>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200921184122/https://books.google.com/books?id=AN7WAAAAMAAJ&q=candlelit+lanterns+were+carved+from+large+turnips&dq=candlelit+lanterns+were+carved+from+large+turnips&ct=result&resnum=1 ''The Oxford companion to American food and drink''] p. 269. Oxford University Press, 2007. Retrieved 17 February 2011</ref><ref name=frle>{{kitob manbasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x7_QAAAAMAAJ&q=Frank%20Leslie's%20popular%20monthly%201895%20Halloween&pg=PA540 |title=Frank Leslie's popular monthly, Volume 40, November 1895, pp. 540–543 |date=5 February 2009 |access-date=23 October 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511203141/http://books.google.com/books?id=x7_QAAAAMAAJ&dq=Frank%20Leslie's%20popular%20monthly%201895%20Halloween&pg=PA540 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |last1=Leslie |first1=Frank }}</ref>, biroq Shimoliy Amerikaga koʻchib kelgan muhojirlar [[qovoq (oʻsimlik)|qovoq]]dan foydalanishni boshlashgan. Qovoq sholgʻomga nisbatan ancha yumshoq va kattaroq boʻlgani uchun uni oʻyish osonroq edi<ref name=lant/>. Amerika qovoq oʻymakorligi anʼanasi haqida 1837-yilda ilk marotaba qayd etilgan boʻlib<ref>Nathaniel Hawthorne, „The Great Carbuncle“, in ''Twice-Told Tales'', 1837: Hide it [the great carbuncle] under thy cloak, say’st thou? Why, it will gleam through the holes, and make thee look like a jack-oʻ-lantern!</ref>, dastlab bu anʼana faqatgina hosil yigʻish mavsumi bilan bogʻliq boʻlgan. Bu anʼana <nowiki>XIX</nowiki> asrning oʻrtalari va oxirlariga kelib, Halloween bayramigagina xos boʻlib qolgan<ref>As late as 1900, an article on Thanksgiving entertaining recommended a lit jack-oʻ-lantern as part of the festivities. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9800EEDC1139E033A25757C2A9679D94649ED7CF „The Day We Celebrate: Thanksgiving Treated Gastronomically and Socially“] {{webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805183319/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9800EEDC1139E033A25757C2A9679D94649ED7CF |date=5 August 2016 }}, ''The New York Times'', 24 November 1895, p. 27. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9802E7D6173FE433A25752C2A9669D946197D6CF „Odd Ornaments for Table“] {{webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805134817/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9802E7D6173FE433A25752C2A9669D946197D6CF |date=5 August 2016 }}, ''The New York Times'', 21 October 1900, p. 12.</ref>.

Halloweenning zamonaviy tasviriy jihatlari turli manbalardan kelib chiqqan, jumladan xristian esxatologiyasi, milliy urf-odatlar, gotik va dahshatli adabiy asarlar („[[Frankenshteyn, yoki Zamonaviy Prometey]]“ va „[[Dracula]]“ kabi romanlar) hamda „Frankenshteyn“ (1931) va „Mumiyo“ (1932) singari klassik qoʻrqinchli filmlar shular jumlasidandir<ref>''The Rhetoric of Vision: Essays on Charles Williams'' (Charles Adolph Huttar, Peter J. Schakel), Bucknell University Press, p. 155</ref><ref name="rogers_h">Rogers, Nicholas (2002). „Halloween Goes to Hollywood“. ''Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night'', pp. 103–124. New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-516896-8}}.</ref>. Xristian anʼanasida Golgofaga ishora qiluvchi bosh suyagi tasviri „oʻlim va inson hayotining oʻtkinchiligini eslatuvchi“ ramz sifatida xizmat qiladi va shu bois [[memento mori]] hamda [[vanitas]] kompozitsiyalarida uchraydi<ref>''A Handbook of Symbols in Christian Art'' (Gertrude Grace Sill), Simon & Schuster, p. 64</ref>. Shu sababli, bosh suyaklari ushbu mavzuga aloqador boʻlgan Halloweenda foydalanilgan<ref>''In flagrante collecto'' (Marilynn Gelfman Karp), Abrams, p. 299</ref>. Anʼanaga koʻra, cherkovlarning orqa devorlari „qabrlarning ochilishi va marhumlarning tirilishi, farishtalar toʻla jannat va shaytonlar toʻla doʻzax tasvirlangan Oxirat kuni manzarasi bilan bezatilgan“ boʻlib, bu motiv mazkur uch kunlik bayram nishonlanishiga chuqur singib ketgan<ref>''School Year, Church Year'' (Peter Mazar), Liturgy Training Publications, p. 115</ref>. Halloween mavzusidagi eng qadimgi asarlardan biri shotlandiyalik shoir [[John Mayne]]ning 1780-yilda yozgan asari hisoblanadi. U Halloween bayramidagi hazillar haqida „Qanday dahshatli hazillar yuz beradi!“ deb yozgan va shuningdek, bu tun bilan bogʻliq gʻayritabiiy hodisalar, jumladan „bogles“ (arvohlar) haqida ham aytib oʻtgan<ref>{{veb manbasi |last1=Mayne |first1=John |title=Halloween |url=https://www.poetryexplorer.net/poem.php?id=10105857 |website=PoetryExplorer |access-date=24 November 2022 |archive-date=24 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124003446/https://www.poetryexplorer.net/poem.php?id=10105857 |url-status=live }}</ref>. Bu esa keyinchalik [[Robert Burns]]ning 1785-yilda yozilgan „Halloween“ asariga taʼsir koʻrsatgan<ref>Thomas Crawford [[iarchive:burnsstudyofpoem00craw/page/125|<!-- quote=scottish halloween traditions - burns poem. --> ''Burns: a study of the poems and songs'']] {{Kitob manbasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BDCsAAAAIAAJ&q=scottish+halloween+traditions+-+burns+poem&pg=PA125 |title=Burns: A Study of the Poems and Songs |isbn=978-0-8047-0055-9 |access-date=27 November 2018 |archive-date=23 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423113435/https://books.google.com/books?id=BDCsAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA125&dq=scottish+halloween+traditions+-+burns+poem&ct=result&resnum=8 |url-status=bot: unknown |last1=Crawford |first1=Thomas |year=1960 |publisher=Stanford University Press }} Stanford University Press, 1960</ref>. [[Kuz]] faslining qovoq, makkajoʻxori poʻchogʻi va qoʻriqchi kabi unsurlari ham Halloween anʼanasidan biri sifatida keng tarqalgan. Halloween paytida uylar koʻpincha ana shunday ramziy bezaklar bilan bezatiladi. Halloween tasvirlari oʻlim, yovuzlik va afsonaviy maxluqlar mavzularini oʻz ichiga oladi<ref>Simpson, Jacqueline „All Saints' Day“ in ''Encyclopedia of Death and Dying'', Howarth, G. and Leeman, O. (2001) London Routledge {{ISBN|0-415-18825-3}}, p. 14 „Halloween is closely associated in folklore with death and the supernatural“.</ref>. Qadimdan jodugarlar bilan bogʻliq boʻlib kelgan [[qora mushuk]]lar ham Halloweenning keng tarqalgan ramzlaridan biridir. Qora, toʻq sariq va baʼzan binafsha ranglar Halloweenning anʼanaviy ranglari hisoblanadi<ref>{{kitob manbasi |last1=Herberholz |first1=Donald |last2=Herberholz |first2=Barbara |title=Artworks for Elementary Teachers: Developing Artistic and Perceptual Awareness |url=https://archive.org/details/artworksforeleme0000herb |date=1990 |publisher=W.C. Brown |page=[https://archive.org/details/artworksforeleme0000herb/page/16 16]}}</ref>.

== Liboslar ==
{{asosiy|Halloween liboslari}}
[[File:Halloween Shop, Derry, September 2010 (02).JPG|thumb|upright|left|Halloween shop in [[Derry]], Northern Ireland, selling masks]]
Halloween liboslari anʼanaviy ravishda [[vampir]]lar, [[arvoh]]lar, skeletlar, qoʻrqinchli koʻrinishdagi [[sehrgarlik|jodugar]]lar va iblislar kabi obrazlarga asoslangan edi<ref name=Britannica >{{ensiklopediya manbasi|title=Halloween|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252875/Halloween|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=25 October 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030150155/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252875/Halloween|archive-date=30 October 2012}}</ref>. Vaqt oʻtishi bilan liboslar tanlovi kengayib, badiiy asarlarning mashhur qahramonlari, taniqli shaxslar va [[ninza]]lar hamda [[malika]]lar kabi umumlashgan timsollarni ham oʻz ichiga ola boshladi.

<nowiki>XIX</nowiki> asr oxirida Shotlandiya va Irlandiyada Halloween bayramida libos kiyib, „guising“ (niqoblanish) anʼanasi keng tarqalgan edi<ref name=frle/>. Shotlandcha atama boʻlgan bu anʼana bolalar kiygan niqoblar yoki liboslar tufayli „niqoblanish“ deb atalgan<ref name="Definition">{{ensiklopediya manbasi |title=Definition of "guising" |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/guising |dictionary=Collins English Dictionary|quote=(in Scotland and N England) the practice or custom of disguising oneself in fancy dress, often with a mask, and visiting people's houses, esp at Halloween}}</ref>. Irlandiya va Shotlandiyada niqoblar „soxta yuzlar“ nomi bilan tanilgan<ref name=DSL/><ref>{{yangiliklar manbasi|first=Michael|last=Bradley|title=A very Derry Halloween: a carnival of frights, fireworks and parade|url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2018/oct/24/derry-halloween-europe-largest-carnival-of-frights-fireworks-parades|access-date=25 October 2018|date=24 October 2018|work=The Guardian|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024230342/https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2018/oct/24/derry-halloween-europe-largest-carnival-of-frights-fireworks-parades|url-status=live}}</ref>. Bu atama 1890-yilda Shotlandiyaning Ayr shahrida bir shotlandiyalik tomonidan niqoblanuvchilarni tasvirlash vaqtida yozib qoldirilgan: „Esimda, bu Halloween edi… kichkina bolalar allaqachon ish boshlab boʻlishgandi, soxta yuzlar paydoq ilish uchun niqoblarni taqib va qoʻllarida kichkina sholgʻom fonarlarini ushlab yugurib yurishardi“<ref name=DSL/>. AQShda <nowiki>XX</nowiki> asr boshlarida Hallowen ziyofatlarida libos kiyish ommalashdi, bu odat kattalar orasida ham bolalar orasida ham keng tarqaldi. 1920–1930-yillarda esa Kanada va AQShda „shirinlik yoki qitiqlash“ (trick-or-treat) anʼanasi ommalasha boshladi<ref name="Canada 1927">"'Trick or Treat' Is Demand", ''Herald'' ([[Lethbridge]], Alberta), 4-noyabr 1927-yil, p. 5, dateline [[Blackie, Alberta]], 3-noyabr</ref><ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi|title=Halloween Jollity Within Reason Need|last=Miller|first=Marian|date=31 October 1932|work=[[The Morning Oregonian]]|page=8}}</ref>.

Eddie J. Smith oʻzining „Halloween, Hallowed is Thy Name“ kitobida Barcha Avliyolar kechasi kiyim kiyishga diniy nuqtai nazardan yondashib, „bir paytlar bizni qoʻrqitgan va titratgan“ mavjudotlar qiyofasiga kirib, odamlar „Najotkorimiz tomonidan saltanati talon-taroj qilingan“ Shayton ustidan kulishlari mumkinligini yozadi. Skeletlar va marhumlarning tasvirlari [[memento mori]] (oʻlimni eslatuvchi) sifatida qoʻllaniladigan anʼanaviy bezaklardir<ref>''School Year, Church Year'' (Peter Mazar), Liturgy Training Publications, p. 114</ref><ref>''Memento Mori'', Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri</ref>.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
== Havolalar ==
{{Commons turkum}}
* [http://www.dmoz.org/Society/Holidays/Halloween/ Halloween], ''Open Directory Project'' {{ref-en}}
* [http://www.history.com/topics/halloween Halloween tarixi], ''History Channel'' {{ref-en}}

[[Turkum:Bayramlar]]
[[Turkum:Noyabr]]
[[Turkum:Halloween]]
[[Turkum:Alifbo boʻyicha bayramlar]]