Yaşar Kemal sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name             = Yaşar Kemal
| image            =
| caption          = Yaşar Kemal [[Boğaziçi universiteti]]da, 29-iyun 2009-yil.
| birth_name       = Kemal Sadık Gökçeli
| birth_date       = {{birth date|df=y|1923|10|6}}
| birth_place      = [[Gökçedam]], [[Osmaniye Province|Osmaniye]], Turkey
| death_date       = {{Death date and age|df=y|2015|2|28|1923|10|6}}
| death_place      = [[Istanbul]], Turkiya
| spouses          = {{Plainlist|
* {{marriage|Thilda Serrero|1952|2001|end=died}}
* {{marriage|Ayşe Semiha Baban|2002}}
 }}
| occupation       = romannavis
| period           = 1943–2002
| movement         =
| notableworks     = {{Plainlist|
* ''Ağıtlar'' (debyut)
* ''İnce Memed'' 
* ''Teneke'' 
* ''Ince Memed II'' 
 }}
| awards           = 
}}
'''Yaşar Kemal''' (asl ismi '''Kemal Sadık Gökçeli''';<ref name="yasarkemalnet" /> 1923-yil 6-oktyabr — 2015-yil 28-fevral) — turk tilida ijod qilgan kurd kelib chiqishiga mansub mashhur turk yozuvchisi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yaşar Kemal {{!}} Novelist, Activist, Human Rights {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Yasar-Kemal |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-02-28 |title=Turkish author Yasar Kemal dies at 92 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31674707 |access-date=2025-02-05 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> hamda inson huquqlari faoli edi.<ref>{{cite news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531023250/http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/archives.php?id=2229|url=http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/archives.php?id=2229|title=French pay tribute to Yasar Kemal|work=[[Turkish Daily News]]|archive-date=31 May 2008|date=6 March 1997|first=Nazlan|last=Ertan|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1997/03/04/yachar-kemal-conteur-et-imprecateur_3765851_1819218.html
|access-date=17 August 2008
|title=Yachar Kemal, conteur et imprécateur
|work=[[Le Monde]]
|first=Jean-Louis
|last=Perrier
|date=4 March 1997
|language=fr}}</ref> U hayoti davomida 38 ta mukofot olgan va 1955-yilda yozilgan ''Ince Memed'' romani bilan Adabiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofotiga nomzod boʻlgan<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hurarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/goster/haber.aspx?id=5621617&tarih=2007-07-02|title=Ölene kadar Nobel adayı olacağım|access-date=4 April 2008|date=2 July 2007|work=[[Hürriyet]]|language=tr|archive-date=29 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929162308/http://hurarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/goster/haber.aspx?id=5621617&tarih=2007-07-02|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Soderlund |first=Dick |date=6 October 1977 |title=Turkish author leading for annual Nobel prize |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=loVfAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA36 |work=Lewiston Morning Tribune, [[Associated Press]] |pages=2E}}</ref><ref name="yasarkemalnet">{{Cite web |url=http://www.yasarkemal.net/eng/bio/index.html |title=Yaşar Kemal biography |access-date=13 June 2007 |archive-date=28 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228131539/http://www.yasarkemal.net/eng/bio/index.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>.

U ochiq fikrli ziyoli sifatida, ayniqsa kurd xalqining zulmga uchrashi bilan bogʻliq nozik mavzularda oʻz fikrini bildirishdan choʻchimagan<ref>{{cite news
 |url          = http://arama.hurriyet.com.tr/arsivnews.aspx?id=-503844
 |access-date   = 15 December 2008
 |title        = Yasar Kemal and the last of the nomads
 |work         = [[Turkish Daily News]]
 |publisher    = Hürriyet
 |date         = 5 June 1997
 |first        = Roger
 |last         = Norman
 |quote        = ...for Yasar Kemal has become perhaps the best known champion of human rights in Turkey, the godfather of freedom of conscience. He is no stranger to prison and currently has a suspended prison sentence hanging over him.
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/20130418174034/http://arama.hurriyet.com.tr/arsivnews.aspx?id=-503844
 |archive-date = 18 April 2013
|url-status     = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}</ref>. 1995-yilda u ''Der Spiegel'' jurnalida Turkiya armiyasi tomonidan turk-kurd mojarosi davomida kurd qishloqlarining vayron qilinishi haqida yozgan maqolasi sababli terrorizmga qarshi qonunlar asosida sud qilindi. Keyinchalik ozod qilindi, ammo Turkiyadagi, ayniqsa kurdlarga qarshi irqchilikni tanqid qilgan yana bir maqolasi tufayli 20 oylik shartli qamoq jazosiga hukm qilindi<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkish author Yasar Kemal dies at 92 |work=[[BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31674707 |access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Yasar Kemal, one of Turkey's best-known novelists, dies at 91 |work= |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/yasar-kemal-famed-turkish-novelist-dies-91-article-1.2133491 |access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Yasar Kemal: Author who came into conflict with Turkey for addressing human rights|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/yasar-kemal-author-who-came-into-conflict-with-turkey-for-addressing-human-rights-10094041.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/yasar-kemal-author-who-came-into-conflict-with-turkey-for-addressing-human-rights-10094041.html |archive-date=7 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=10 March 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Usta yazar Yaşar Kemal tedavi gördüğü hastanede hayatını kaybetti!|url=http://www.haberturk.com/kultur-sanat/haber/1048251-usta-yazar-yasar-kemal-tedavi-gordugu-hastanede-hayatini-kaybetti|access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=tdngermans>{{cite news|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/prominent-writer-yasar-kemal--laid-to-rest-.aspx?pageID=238&nID=79033&NewsCatID=386
|title=prominent-writer-yasar-kemal--laid-to-rest
|agency=[[Hürriyet Daily News]]
|work=[[Hürriyet]]
}}</ref>.

== Yoshligi va taʼlimi ==


Yaşar Kemal 1923-yil 6-oktyabrda Turkiyaning janubidagi [[Osmaniye (viloyat)|Osmaniye viloyatidagi]] Hemite (hozirgi [[Gökçedam]]) qishlogʻida Sadık va Nigâr oilasida tugʻilgan va Kemal Sadık Gökçeli ismi berilgan<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Barchard |first=David |date=2015-03-01 |title=Yasar Kemal obituary |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/mar/01/yasar-kemal |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="h2"/><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/28/yasar-kemal-celebrated-turkish-novelist-dies-at-91|title=Yasar Kemal, celebrated Turkish novelist, dead at 91|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=28 February 2015}}</ref>. U qishloqdagi yagona [[Kurd]] oilasida tugʻilgan boʻlsa-da<ref>{{cite news |last=Mirhanoglu |first=Fidan |date=7 March 2015 |title=Yaşar Kemal Kürtçe Düşünüp Türkçe Yazdı |work=[[Bianet]] |url=http://m.bianet.org/biamag/yasam/162814-yasar-kemal-kurtce-dusunup-turkce-yazdi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Yaşar Kemal: 80 yıldır 'Bu adamlar niçin dağlardadırlar' diye düşünmedik!|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/kultur/yasar-kemal-80-yildir-bu-adamlar-nicin-daglardadirlar-diye-dusunmedik-1303622/}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Derek|title=Censorship: A World Encyclopedia|date=December 2001|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136798641|page=2474|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDqsCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA2474 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />, etnik kelib chiqishi sababli kamsitilmagan<ref name = "Çelik">{{cite web |last1=Çelik |first1=Mehmed Mazlum |title=Yaşar Kemal: Bir kez bile "Kürt'sün sen" demediler |url=https://www.indyturk.com/node/322961/k%C3%BClt%C3%BCr/ya%C5%9Far-kemal-bir-kez-bile-k%C3%BCrts%C3%BCn-sen-demediler |website=Independent Türkçe |access-date=16 July 2022}}</ref>.

Kemalning bolaligi ogʻir kechgan. Uning oilasi [[Van (viloyat)|Van viloyatidan]] [[Diyarbakır (viloyat)|Diyarbakir viloyatiga]], keyinchalik esa [[Adana (viloyat)|Adana viloyatiga]] koʻchishga majbur boʻlgan<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|title=Young Turk social engineering : mass violence and the nation state in eastern Turkey, 1913- 1950|url=https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/867135/65687_13.pdf|last=Üngör|first=Umut|website=University of Amsterdam|page=239|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>. U otasi Qurbon hayiti uchun qoʻy soʻyayotganda pichoq tasodifan tegib ketishi natijasida oʻng koʻzidan ayrilgan. Besh yoshida esa asrab olingan ukasi Yusufning otasini [[Masjid|masjidda]] namoz oʻqiyotgan paytda pichoqlab oʻldirganiga guvoh boʻlgan<ref name=yasarkemalnet/>. Ushbu fojeali voqealar natijasida Kemalda nutq nuqsoni paydo boʻlib, bu holat oʻn ikki yoshigacha davom etgan. Toʻqqiz yoshida qoʻshni qishloqda maktabga qatnay boshlagan va keyinchalik Kadirlida taʼlimni davom ettirgan<ref name=yasarkemalnet/>.

Kemal maktabga borishidan oldin ham mahalliy baxshi sifatida tanilgan edi, biroq u onasi tomonidan eʼtirof etilmagan. Faqatgina onasining sakkiz akasidan biri vafot etganida yozgan marsiyasi sababli eʼtibor qozongan<ref name=bosquet>{{cite book | last1 = Kemal | first1 = Yaşar |last2 = Bosquet | first2 = Alain | title = Yaşar Kemal on his life and art | url = https://archive.org/details/yasarkemalonhisl0000yasa | publisher = Syracuse University Press | location = Syracuse, N.Y | year = 1999 | isbn = 9780815605515 |oclc = 1063383842}}</ref>. U koʻchma savdogar bilan suhbatlashganidan soʻng yozuvchilikka qiziqa boshlagan. Qishloq aholisi uning [[Istanbul]]dagi universitetda oʻqishi uchun mablagʻ yigʻib bergan<ref name=bosquet/>.

U bir muddat Çukurovadagi paxta dalalarida boy dehqonlar uchun ishchi boʻlib ishlagan. Rasmiy ravishda kambagʻal dehqonlarning sugʻorish uchun daryodan noqonuniy suv olishining oldini olishi kerak edi, biroq aslida u ularga tunda sezdirmasdan suv olish usullarini oʻrgatgan<ref name=bosquet/>. Keyinchalik xat yozuvchi, jurnalist va nihoyat romannavis sifatida faoliyat yuritgan. Turkiya politsiyasi uning dastlabki ikki romanini musodara qilgan<ref name=bosquet/>. 1950-yilda u [[Kommunizm|kommunistik]] faoliyatda ayblanib qamoqqa tashlangan<ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |date=March 2015 |title=Yasar Kemal obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/mar/01/yasar-kemal |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref>.

== Professional va siyosiy faoliyati ==

Shundan soʻng u ''[[Cumhuriyet]]'' gazetasi uchun ishlash maqsadida [[Istanbul]]ga koʻchib oʻtdi va shu yerda oʻzining taxallusini oldi.

1962-yilda Kemal Turkiya Ishchilar partiyasi (TİP)ga qoʻshildi va „1968-yilda Sovet Ittifoqining Chexoslovakiyaga bostirib kirishidan keyin partiyani tark etguniga qadar uning yetakchilaridan biri boʻlib xizmat qildi“<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/01/world/europe/yasar-kemal-master-turkish-novelist-and-strident-political-critic-is-dead.html|title=Yasar Kemal, Master Turkish Novelist and Strident Political Critic, Is Dead|last=Kinzer|first=Stephen|date=28 February 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=15 December 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>. 1967-yilda Kemal [[Doğan Özgüden|Dogan Özgüden]] va [[Fethi Naci]] bilan birgalikda marksistik yoʻnalishdagi ''Ant'' jurnaliga asos soldi<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Landau |first=Jacob M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DgTeCwAAQBAJ&dq=Ant+and+Yasar+kemal&pg=PA70 |title=Radical Politics in Modern Turkey |date=2016-03-31 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-24105-8 |pages=64–65 |language=en |author-link=Jacob M. Landau}}</ref>. Jurnalda [[Friedrich Engels|Engels]], [[Karl Marx|Marks]], [[Ho Chi Minh]] va [[Che Guevara]] haqida maqolalar chop etilgan<ref>[[Jacob M. Landau|Landau, Jacob M.]] (2016), p.68</ref>. 1971-yilgi harbiy memorandumdan keyingi davrda chap qanot siyosatchilariga qarshi bosim kuchaytirilishi natijasida jurnal yopib qoʻyildi<ref name=":1" />.

1976–1980-yillardagi Turkiyadagi siyosiy zoʻravonliklar davrida yuz bergan koʻplab siyosiy qotilliklar sababli Kemal bir muddat Shvetsiyaga koʻchib ketdi. U siyosiy faoliyati tufayli bir necha bor hibsga olingan<ref name="ReferenceA"/>. 1995-yilda u ''Index on Censorship'' jurnalida turkiyalik kurd muxoliflarini qoʻllab-quvvatlagani sababli separatistik targʻibot olib borishda ayblanib sud qilindi. 1996-yil mart oyida u 20 oylik shartli qamoq jazosiga hukm qilindi<ref>{{Cite web|title=Turkish author Yasar Kemal convicted|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/03/07/Turkish-author-Yasar-Kemal-convicted/5721826174800/|access-date=5 October 2020|website=UPI|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|title=Refworld {{!}} Attacks on the Press in 1996 — Turkey|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/47c5651c16.html|access-date=5 October 2020|website=Refworld|language=en}}</ref>. 2000-yil dekabr oyida u ochlik aksiyalari va F-tipidagi qamoqxonalar boʻyicha muzokaralarda ishtirok etdi<ref>{{cite web| url = http://bianet.org/english/print/25537-death-fasts-107-died-one-still-fasting| title = English :: Death Fasts: 107 Died, One still Fasting}}</ref>.

== Soʻnggi yillari va vafoti ==

2015-yil 14-yanvarda Kemal [[nafas yetishmovchiligi]] sababli [[Istanbul universiteti]]ning Çapa tibbiyot fakultetiga yotqizildi. 2015-yil 28-fevral kuni tushdan keyin u koʻp aʼzoli yetishmovchilik sindromi tufayli davolanayotgan reanimatsiya boʻlimida vafot etdi<ref name="h1"/>. Sobiq Turkiya prezidenti [[Abdullah Gül]], siyosiy partiya yetakchilari, yuqori martabali amaldorlar va juda koʻp motam tutuvchilar ishtirok etgan [[Teşvikiye masjidi]]dagi diniy marosimdan soʻng, u 2015-yil 2-mart kuni birinchi rafiqasi Tilda qabri yoniga Zincirlikuyu qabristoniga dafn qilindi<ref name="h2"/><ref name="bbc1"/><ref name="aa1"/>. Kemalning rafiqasi Ayşe Semiha Baban bilan asrab olingan oʻgʻli, rassom [[Ahmet Güneştekin]] ismli farzandi ham bor<ref name="ah1"/>.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}